Part of this article is based on my observation and work experience as an account assistant in a Chinese digital marketing and technology company. During my internship in this company, I was responsible for analyzing data about livestreaming performances extracted from Alibaba's data bank and communicating with the client brands who outsourced...

Live streaming e-commerce is the delivery of e-commerce activities and transactions via a live streaming platform, which involves a space, technology and infrastructure to constitute a cyber environment for streamers to stream and viewers to watch and interact with a streamer (Xu, Wu & Li, 2020:146). Live streaming applications or sites serve as...

When data is a form of capital in contemporary capitalism (Sadowski, 2019:1), algorithm is apparently the indispensable tool to manipulate and monetize that capital. And more powerfully, through data manipulation, algorithms are being used to "nudge, bias, guide, provoke, control, manipulate, and constrain human behavior" (Danaher et al., 2017:2)....